THE STATE OF SPRUCE STANDS IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
Abstract
The article presents materials on the dynamics of spruce stands in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests and in the south taiga zone of the European part of the Russian Federation, on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. In the process of the research, the information from the state forest register for the Udmurt Republic from 2009 to 2015was analyzed. In order to assess the state of spruce forests, trial areas were laid in various forestry zones. It is shown that the largest reduction in the area of spruce stands is observed in the southern part of the Republic, in comparison with the Northern part, which is located in a different landscape zone. According to the data of the enumerationestimation, a high content of dry wood was noted, that exceeds the volume of raw-growing forest. As a result of research on trial areas, spruce individuals that have a good life condition along with dead trees were identified, which indicates the individual characteristics of the surviving plants. Thus, in the zone of active distribution of xylophages the surviving individuals have an increased content of tannins in the wood.
Full text is available in pdf only
References
Utkin A. I. Lesa Rossii: enciklopediya [Forests of Russia: Encyclopedia] / A.I. Utkina, G.V. Lindemana, V.I. Nekrasova, A.V. Simolina: pod obshh. red. A.I. Utkina – M.: Bol'shaja Rossijskaja jenciklopedija, 1995. – 447 p. [in Russian];
Cowling E. Regional declines of forests in Europa and North America: The possible role of airborne chemicals / E. Cowling. – Aerosols: Res. Risk Assess. and Contr. Strateg.: Proc. 2nd US-Dutsch. Int. Symp., 1985. Chellsca, Mich., 1986. – P. 855-864;
Jose F. Negron Biological Aspects of Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine Stands of Different Densities in Colorado / F. Jose. – USA Forests 2019, 10(1), 18. doi:org/10.3390/f10010018;
Chernen'kova T. V. Dinamika elovyh nasazhdenij kol'skogo severa v usloviyah vozdejstviya prirodno-antropogennyh faktorov sredy [The dynamics of spruce stands of the Kola North under the influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors] / T. V. Chernen'kova, Ju. N. Bochkarev // Zhurnal obshhej biologii, tome 74. – 2013. – №4. – p. 283-303 [in Russian];
Ljubarskij L. V. Sanitarnoe sostoyanie lesov Dal'nego Vostoka i puti ih ozdorovleniya [Sanitary condition of the forests of the Far East and ways of their restoration] / L. V. Ljubarskij // Issues of development of forestry and forest industry of the Far East. – M.: L.: Izd. AN SSSR, 1955. – 175 p. [in Russian];
Bentz B. J. Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects / B. J. Bentz, J. Régnière, C. J. Fettig, E. M. Hansen, J. L. Hayes, J. A. Hicke // BioScience, 60(8). – 2010. – Р. 602-613. doi:10.1525/ bio.2010.60.8.6.;
Duinker P. N. Resolutions from the workshop on forest decline and reproduction: regional and global consequences / P. N. Duinker // Environ. Conserv. V. 14. – 1987. – №2 – P. 173-174;
Caudullo G. Piceaabies in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats / G. Caudullo, W. Tinner, D. de Rigo // European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union, 2016. – Р. 114-116;
Patrick M. A. TRIA-Net: 10 years of collaborative research on turning risk into action for the mountain pine beetle epidemic Can. J. For. / M. A. Patrick, P. W. Dezene // Res. 49: iii-v. – 2019. doi:org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0384.;
Korotkov S. A. Ustojchivost' i dinamika elovyh i lipovyh nasazhdenij severovostochnogo Podmoskov'ya [Stability and dynamics of spruce and linden trees in the north-eastern Moscow region] / S. A. Korotkov, L. V. Stonozhenko, E. V. Erasova, S. K. Ivanov // Vestnik MGUL. Lesnoj vestnik. – 2014. – № 4. – p. 13-22. [in Russian];
Maslov A. D. Povyshenie ustojchivosti elovyh nasazhdenij k neblagopriyatnym faktoram [Increasing the resistance of spruce stands to adverse factors] / A. D. Maslov, I. A. Komarova, S. Ju. Krasnobaeva. – Pushkino: VNIILM, 2015. – 28 p. [in Russian];
Rysin I. I. Geografiya Udmurtii: prirodnye usloviya i resursy: ucheb. posobie [Geography of Udmurtia: natural conditions and resources: ucheb. posobie] / I. I. Rysin. – Izhevsk: Izd. dom «Udmurtskij universitet», 2009. – 256 p. [in Russian];
Rossijskaja Federacija. Ob utverzhdenii Lesnogo plana Udmurtskoj Respubliki. Decree of the Head of the Udmurt Republic dated February 18, 2019 No. 17. [in Russian];
Ushakov A. I. Lesnaya taksaciya i lesoustrojstvo: Uchebnoe posobie [Lesnaja taksacija i lesoustrojstvo: Uchebnoe posobie] / A. I. Ushakov. – M.: Izdatel'stvo MGUL, 1997. – 176 p. [in Russian];
Sampling and preparing wood for analysis (Proposed revision of T 257 cm-02 as a Standard Practice);
Obolenskaja A. V. Laboratornye raboty po himii drevesiny i cellyulozy: Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Laboratory work on the chemistry of wood and cellulose] / A. V. Obolenskaja, Z. P. El'nickaja, A. A. Leonovich. – M.: Jekologija, 1991 – 320 p. [in Russian].